Maladies infectieuses d'anciens et de nouveaux antibiotiques pour des germes résistants. Des antiviraux contre la grippe
Rev Med Suisse
2000; volume -4.
20235
Résumé
L'utilisation des antibiotiques induit l'émergence de résistances chez les bactéries les plus souvent impliquées dans les infections courantes, en particulier les pneumocoques et les staphylocoques. Bien que de nouveaux antibiotiques soient développés, il convient de les réserver aux situations dans lesquelles les anciennes substances ne sont pas utilisables. La mise sur le marché des inhibiteurs des neuraminidases va modifier la prise en charge de la grippe par les praticiens. L'efficacité et la bonne tolérance de ces médicaments peuvent justifier leur utilisation mais le diag-nostic de la grippe reste pour l'heure clinique, donc incertain. Quelques antibiotiques, antiviraux et vaccins du futur sont décrits.
Bibliographie
1 Polk R. Optimal use of modern antibiotics : Emerging trends. Clin Infect Dis 1999 ; 29 : 264-74.
2 Cunha BA. Doxycycline re-revisited. Arch Intern Med 1999 ; 159 : 1006-7.
3 Dattwyler RJ, Luft BJ, Kunkel MJ, et al. Ceftriaxone compared with doxycycline for the treatment of acute disseminated Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1997 ; 337 : 289-94.
4 Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, et al. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoro-quinolones in Canada. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 233-9.
5 Novak R, Henriques B, Charpentier E, et al. Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nature 1999 ; 399 : 590-3.
6 Khan AA, Araujo FV, Remington JS. Gatifloxacin is active against Toxoplasma gondii. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 1848.
7 Kern WV, Cometta A, de Bock R, et al. Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 312-8.
8 Freifeld A, Marchigiani D, Walsh T, et al. A double-blind comparison of empirical oral and intravenous anti-biotic therapy for low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 305-1.
9 Lipsky BA, Baker CA. Fluoroquinolone toxicity profiles : A review focusing new agents. Clin Infect Dis 1999 ; 28 : 352-64.
10 Noskin GA, Siddiqui F, Stosor V, et al. In vitro activities of linezolid against important gram-positive bacterial pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 ; 43 : 2059-62.
11 The MIST. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in treatment of influenza A et B virus infections. Lancet 1998 ; 352 : 1877-81.
12 Monto AS, Fleming DM, Henry D, et al. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. Clin Infect Dis 1999 ; 180 : 254-61.
13 Lalezari J, Eliott M, Keene O. The efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza in " high risk" patients. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 282.
14 Monto AS, Robinson DP, Herlocher L, et al. Zanamivir in the prevention of in influenza among healthy adults. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 31-5.
15 Hirji Z, O'Grady S, Bonham J, et al. Utility of zanamivir for the treatment and prophylaxis of concomitant Influenza A and B infection in a complex continuing care population. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 701.
16 Lee C, Loeb M, Philipps A, et al Use of zanamivir for control an outbreak of influenza A. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 283.
17 Hayden FG, Gubareva L, Klein T. Inhaled Zanamivir for preventing transmission of influenza in families. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999. No LB 2.
18 Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Fritz RS, et al. Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental hu-man influenza. Randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 1240-6.
19 Hayden FG, Atmar RL, Schilling M, et al. Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 1336-43.
20 Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Influenza. Lancet 1999 ; 354 : 1277-82.
21 Schweinle J, Mathews D, Petriello K, et al. Flu attitudes for the new millenium : Opportunities to optimize the therapy of influenza with the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 285.
22 Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Zanamivir for influenza : A public health perspective. Its use will require careful management by GPs. BMJ 1999 ; 319 : 655-6.
23 Kaiser L, Crump C, Patick AK, et al. Comparative in vitro antirhinoviral
activity of AG7088 and pleconaril. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Che-
motherapy, september 1999, No 276.
24 Nichol KL, Mendelmann PM, Mallon KP, et al. Effectivness of live attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine
in healthy working adults. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 137-44.
25 Crovari P, Guano G, Garbarino E, et al. Comparaison of safety and immunogenicity of intranasal versus intramuscular administration of inactivated virosome-formulated influenza vaccines in healthy adults. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 1634.
26 Tappero JW, Lagos R, Ballesteros AM, et al. Immunogenicity of 2 serogroup B outer-membrane protein me-ningoccocla vaccines. A randomized controlled trial in Chile. JAMA 1999 ; 281 : 1520-7.
27 Recommendations for the use of Lyme disease vaccine. MMWR 1999 ; 48 : RR-7.
2 Cunha BA. Doxycycline re-revisited. Arch Intern Med 1999 ; 159 : 1006-7.
3 Dattwyler RJ, Luft BJ, Kunkel MJ, et al. Ceftriaxone compared with doxycycline for the treatment of acute disseminated Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1997 ; 337 : 289-94.
4 Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, et al. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoro-quinolones in Canada. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 233-9.
5 Novak R, Henriques B, Charpentier E, et al. Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nature 1999 ; 399 : 590-3.
6 Khan AA, Araujo FV, Remington JS. Gatifloxacin is active against Toxoplasma gondii. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 1848.
7 Kern WV, Cometta A, de Bock R, et al. Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 312-8.
8 Freifeld A, Marchigiani D, Walsh T, et al. A double-blind comparison of empirical oral and intravenous anti-biotic therapy for low-risk febrile patients with neutropenia during cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 305-1.
9 Lipsky BA, Baker CA. Fluoroquinolone toxicity profiles : A review focusing new agents. Clin Infect Dis 1999 ; 28 : 352-64.
10 Noskin GA, Siddiqui F, Stosor V, et al. In vitro activities of linezolid against important gram-positive bacterial pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 ; 43 : 2059-62.
11 The MIST. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in treatment of influenza A et B virus infections. Lancet 1998 ; 352 : 1877-81.
12 Monto AS, Fleming DM, Henry D, et al. Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. Clin Infect Dis 1999 ; 180 : 254-61.
13 Lalezari J, Eliott M, Keene O. The efficacy and safety of inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza in " high risk" patients. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 282.
14 Monto AS, Robinson DP, Herlocher L, et al. Zanamivir in the prevention of in influenza among healthy adults. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 31-5.
15 Hirji Z, O'Grady S, Bonham J, et al. Utility of zanamivir for the treatment and prophylaxis of concomitant Influenza A and B infection in a complex continuing care population. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 701.
16 Lee C, Loeb M, Philipps A, et al Use of zanamivir for control an outbreak of influenza A. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothrapy, september 1999, No 283.
17 Hayden FG, Gubareva L, Klein T. Inhaled Zanamivir for preventing transmission of influenza in families. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999. No LB 2.
18 Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Fritz RS, et al. Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental hu-man influenza. Randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 1240-6.
19 Hayden FG, Atmar RL, Schilling M, et al. Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza. N Engl J Med 1999 ; 341 : 1336-43.
20 Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Influenza. Lancet 1999 ; 354 : 1277-82.
21 Schweinle J, Mathews D, Petriello K, et al. Flu attitudes for the new millenium : Opportunities to optimize the therapy of influenza with the use of neuraminidase inhibitors. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 285.
22 Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Zanamivir for influenza : A public health perspective. Its use will require careful management by GPs. BMJ 1999 ; 319 : 655-6.
23 Kaiser L, Crump C, Patick AK, et al. Comparative in vitro antirhinoviral
activity of AG7088 and pleconaril. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Che-
motherapy, september 1999, No 276.
24 Nichol KL, Mendelmann PM, Mallon KP, et al. Effectivness of live attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine
in healthy working adults. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999 ; 282 : 137-44.
25 Crovari P, Guano G, Garbarino E, et al. Comparaison of safety and immunogenicity of intranasal versus intramuscular administration of inactivated virosome-formulated influenza vaccines in healthy adults. Abstract of the 39e Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, september 1999, No 1634.
26 Tappero JW, Lagos R, Ballesteros AM, et al. Immunogenicity of 2 serogroup B outer-membrane protein me-ningoccocla vaccines. A randomized controlled trial in Chile. JAMA 1999 ; 281 : 1520-7.
27 Recommendations for the use of Lyme disease vaccine. MMWR 1999 ; 48 : RR-7.
